1、原型链方式继承

function Parent(){
    this.hobby = ['reading','photography']
}
Parent.prototype.getHobby = function(){
    console.log(this.hobby)  
}
function Child(){}
Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;
var child1 = new Child();
console.log(child1.getHobby());//['reading','photography']

缺点：引用类型的属性被所有实例共享

创建Child实例时,不能向Parent传参

2、借用构造函数（经典继承）

function Parent(){
    this.args = [].slice.call(arguments);
    this.hobby = ['reading','photography'];
}

function Child(){
    Parent.call(this,...[].slice.call(arguments));
}

var child1 = new Child('son1');
console.log(child1.args);//['son1']

var child2 = new Child('son2');
console.log(child2.args);//['son2']

优点：避免引用类型的属性被所有实例共享

可以在Child中向Parent传参

缺点：每个方法都在构造函数中定义，每次创建实例都会创建一遍方法

3、组合方式继承

function Parent(){
    this.args = [].slice.call(arguments); 
    this.hobby = ['reading','photography'];
}

Parent.prototype.getHobby = function(){
    console.log(this.hobby);
}

function Child(){
    Parent.call(this,...[].slice.call(arguments));
}

Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child('son1'); 
console.log(child1.args);//['son1'] 
console.log(child1.hobby);//['reading','photography']

var child2 = new Child('son2'); 
console.log(child2.args);//['son2']
console.log(child2.hobby);//['reading','photography']

优点：融合原型链继承和构造函数的优点，是 JavaScript 中最常用的继承模式

3、寄生组合方式继承

function Parent(){
    this.args = [].slice.call(arguments); 
    this.hobby = ['reading','photography'];
}
Parent.prototype.getHobby = function(){
    console.log(this.hobby); 
}

function Child(){
    Parent.call(this,...[].slice.call(arguments));
}

Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype);
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child('son1'); 
console.log(child1.args);//['son1']
console.log(child1.hobby);//['reading','photography'] 

var child2 = new Child('son2'); 
console.log(child2.args);//['son2'] 
console.log(child2.hobby);//['reading','photography']

优点：这种方式的高效率体现它只调用了一次 Parent 构造函数，并且因此避免了在 Parent.prototype 上面创建不必要的、多余的属性。与此同时，原型链还能保持不变；因此，还能够正常使用 instanceof 和 isPrototypeOf。开发人员普遍认为寄生组合式继承是引用类型最理想的继承范式

参考：https://github.com/mqyqingfeng/Blog/issues/16

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Inheritance